By Sonia Fleury on March 22, 2022.
Marielle Franco
Her assassination four years ago exposed the hijacking of democracy and the presence of militias in the State’s subway. But Marielle Franco’s life became a seed that inspires the hacking of politics, collective mandates and rebellions in the peripheries of Brazilian society.
It is already four years without that smile, her audacity, her unwavering stance in defense of social justice, the struggle to transform repressive customs and rotten powers through inclusive policies; four years without Marielle brutally murdered on March 14, 2018, along with her driver Anderson Gomes. The fact that until now it is not known who were the main perpetrators for her murder is a powerful reminder of how Brazilian institutions work in favor of individuals and criminal groups who consider themselves untouchable and unimpeachable, corrupting of public agents, removing them from their functions those whose duty it is to seek the truth in investigations instead eliminate evidence and threaten witnesses.
Culpable silence
This is an glaring case that reveals the existence of networks of assassins and bandits with a peculiar proximity to the groups that form the dominance of politics in Rio de Janeiro and in the country, acting in the clandestinity of official institutions. These political networks of illegalities, include professional assassins such as former congressman Ronnie Lessa, recognized as a killing machine, active in the war of the bicheiros (illegal gambling and casino Mafiosi ) and who, despite his modest income, became the president’s neighbor in a condominium on Barra da Tijuca beach. Accused of being the murderer of Marielle, along with Élcio Vieira Queiroz, in his possession was found an arsenal with 117 rifles.
The network of illegalities also includes members of gangs linked to international trafficking and theft of weapons from the police and armed forces, militiamen such as former BOPE (Special Police Operations Battalion) captain Adriano Nóbrega, leader of the Crime Bureau, practitioners of extortion, land grabbing and homicides. While in prison, Adriano received the Tiradentes Medal, the highest distinction of the Legislative Assembly of Rio de Janeiro, from the hands of Congressman Flávio Bolsonaro, who also hired members of his family as parliamentary advisors. Adriano ended up assassinated in 2020, after expressing his fear of being the victim of a “burning of files”.
So many years have passed and despite the fact that, at the time of Marielle’s murder, Rio de Janeiro was under military intervention, commanded by Army General Walter Braga Neto -current Minister of Defense – to this day there are no answers to many questions listed by the Marielle Franco Institute, including; manipulation of evidence in the car Marielle was in, lack of coordination between state and federal organs; failure of Google to send the data requested by the MPRJ (Rio de Janeiro Public Ministry) and the Civil Police; numerous changes of command in the Homicide Police Station responsible for the case; fraud attempts; change of the superintendent of the Federal Police investigating interference in the investigation; alteration of the testimony of the doorman of the condominium where Jair Bolsonaro and Ronnie Lessa (one of the murderers) lived.
The guilty silence is accompanied by actions that perpetrate violence both symbolically, such as the breaking of the plaque paying homage to Marielle by federal deputy Daniel Silveira (PSL-RJ) – arrested for attacks on the STF (Supreme Federal Court) and supported as a possible candidate for the Senate by the Bolsonaro family – and through the extermination and repression of young black people in the favelas, who Marielle represented. In 2021 alone, the Military Police killed 109 more people in Rio de Janeiro than in 2020.
The symbol
One has to wonder what led thousands of people, mostly young people, to take to the streets to mourn the murdered councilwoman, in a scene that has been repeated in several cities, countries and dates since the murder, chanting slogans like “Marielle present, she has become a seed!”.
Marielle was elected councilwoman of Rio de Janeiro in 2016, aged 37, with 46,502 votes, being the fifth most voted parliamentarian in these elections. Introducing herself as a woman, black, mother, sociologist, native of the favela of Maré, defender of human rights and LGBTIA+ population, Marielle synthesized a personal and collective trajectory of struggles and achievements of the population of the favelas and peripheries and of identity movements.
Having become a mother at the age of 19, she was part of the statistics of teenage pregnancies in the favelas, which led her to interrupt her studies, and then return to study at the community pre-university of the Centro de Ações Solidárias da Maré (CEASM). She entered the Social Sciences degree program at the Pontifical Catholic University PUC/Rio de Janeiro in 2002, obtaining a full scholarship from the University for All Program (Prouni). Marielle’s dissertation in 2014 exposed “a policy aimed at repression and control of the poor from the discourse of social insecurity being that “the most important mark of this framework is the militaristic siege in the favelas and the growing process of incarceration, in its broadest sense”.
Marielle was an inspiration of thousands of young people trapped in the favela’s to get an education. The entry of young people from the favela and the periphery into universities is the result of the insurgence of youth against the place of exclusion that society assigns them, in an environment of individualism and competitiveness, in which the promises of success through entrepreneurship end up blaming those who do not achieve it. In the face of the hegemony of neoliberal values, it is important to recognize in the emergence and proliferation of Cultural Collectives that challenge the norm by their very existence.
Since 2019, the majority of students in federal universities are black and come from public schools. In addition to allowing greater social mobility with the entry of people with lower income levels, it has provided disengagement from higher education, with the effort of groups such as Educafro to overcome the exclusion of young blacks by the denial of access to quality education.
Marielle became a symbol of the identity struggles of women, blacks, LGBTIA+ population, which today touch the hearts and minds of young people of all social strata. Far from the simplistic view, which considers identity struggles as a false consciousness that prevents problematizing the class struggle, Marielle’s performance as a parliamentarian and human rights activist with social movements always linked the different forms of exploitation to the reproduction of domination and social exclusion.
The Seed
Marielle’s campaign slogan, “I am because we are,” inspired by the African concept Ubuntu, announced her candidacy as a collective construction that materialized in the Mandata Marielle Franco. Mandates are a new way of composing an office, through a collective mandate, fruit of the growing popular participation in the dispute for democratic representation. If before, social and identity movements were predominantly focused on the mobilization and organization of collective actions of vindication and denunciation, recently the occupation of legislative assemblies by popular representatives and/or groups discriminated against and excluded from the spheres of power has proliferated in the country.
Marielle Franco II
Mandates are an innovation in the exercise of representation, fruit of the collectivist experience in popular struggles and social movements. Although the electoral legislation only allows the presentation of one candidacy, the device created by the mandate allows the joint exercise of representation. This is the initial “foot in the door”, an expression often used by Marielle, in the exercise of politics as representation. The proliferation of mandates shows that this is an innovation that is here to stay.
In the first elections, which followed Marielle’s murder, three black women from Marielle’s mandate were elected state deputies for PSOL in Rio de Janeiro: Dani Monteiro, Renata Souza and Monica Francisco. In addition, Erica Maluginho, from PSOL, was elected to ALESP and Benny Briolly, to the Municipal Council of Niterói, the first black and trans women in the Chamber. In Joinville, the first black councilwoman elected by the PT was Ana Lúcia Martins. PSOL also elected federal deputies Taliria Petrone, for Rio de Janeiro, and Áurea Carolina, for Minas Gerais. These are seeds that have borne fruit and have increased the participation of black women in political representation as never before. Even so, these parliamentarians are constantly subjected to racist and homophobic attacks, symbolic violence and death threats, demonstrating how far we are from the democratization of political power in a society where racism, patriarchy and homophobia structure class domination.
Sonia Fleury is a senior researcher at the Center for Strategic Studies (CEE) of the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation. Coordinator of the Diccionario de Favelas Marielle Franco do ICICT/FIOCRUZ.
Source: Resumen Latinoamericano – Buenos Aires